Coating

Definition and Overview

Coating is a process in which resin, rubber-like materials, pigments, and similar substances are applied or impregnated onto a base fabric such as woven fabric or knit to add surface properties and functionality. The finished appearance and performance vary greatly depending on the type of processing agent, the amount applied, and the surface being processed.

It is not the name of the fabric’s structure or material itself, but the name of a finishing process added in a later step. Even with the same nylon or polyester fabric, the applications, sewing conditions, and handling methods differ depending on whether it is coated and on the specifications.

Characteristics and Functions That Can Be Expressed

In general, processes that form a film on the surface can create firmness, body, slip, gloss, a matte feel, leather-like appearance, and other visual effects. The greater the amount of processing, the stiffer the fabric may feel, and drape or breathability may decrease.

Depending on the process design, wind resistance, water resistance, stain resistance, air tightness, and similar properties can be added. However, coating alone does not indicate the level of water resistance or moisture permeability. It is necessary to check test values and product specifications according to the required function.

Main Applications

It is used for outerwear, blousons, rainwear, bags, pouches, hats, uniforms, and more. It may be chosen for applications that need to block wind or water droplets, or for applications that want to make use of distinctive gloss or texture in the design.

If applied to a lightweight base fabric, it can be used as a lightweight shell material; if applied to a thick or high-density base fabric, it can be used as a material that retains its shape more easily. It is also considered for projects that require weather resistance, not only in autumn and winter but also during the rainy season and for outdoor use.

Selection and Handling Precautions

When selecting, in addition to the base fabric material, industry weight, and stretch, check the processed side, gloss, stiffness, water resistance, moisture permeability, and surface changes due to friction. Since fabric shrinkage is mainly affected by the base fabric and processing conditions, it is important to conduct washing tests and confirm dimensional changes before mass production.

Whether washing, dry cleaning, and ironing are allowed depends on the processing agent. High temperatures, strong friction, solvents, and high temperature and humidity during long-term storage may cause stickiness, cracking, peeling, or surface changes, so follow the care label and the instructions from the fabric supplier.

In sewing, needle holes may reduce water resistance, and water penetration from seams must also be considered. In addition, presser marks, feeding problems, and surface changes due to heat may occur. Adjust the needle, thread, presser foot pressure, and sewing speed through trial stitching, and consider seam finishing if necessary.

Differences from Similar Terms

Water-repellent processing is a treatment that makes it easier for water droplets to bead up on the fabric surface. Coating usually refers to a process that forms a film, and it is also used in designs that improve water resistance and wind resistance, but the purpose and structure are not the same.

Laminating and bonding are methods of attaching film or another fabric to make multiple layers. By contrast, coating generally refers to a method of applying a liquid processing agent or similar material to the base fabric to form a film. In practice, the terms may be used interchangeably, so the cross-sectional structure and performance should be checked.

Frequently Asked Questions