Abrasion Resistance

Definition and Overview

Abrasion resistance is the strength against surface damage caused when textiles rub against each other, or when clothing rubs against the body, chairs, bags, and so on. It is not determined by the material alone; yarn thickness and twist, construction, density, finishing, and other factors all have a combined effect.

In evaluation, the textile surface is repeatedly rubbed under specified conditions to check how much pilling, yarn breakage, surface change, and similar damage occurs. Because the interpretation of results differs depending on the application, test method, and pass/fail criteria, it is important not to compare figures simply with textiles tested under different conditions.

Characteristics and Effects on Appearance

Textiles with high abrasion resistance are less likely to become thin or tear in areas prone to rubbing, making them suitable for applications involving repeated wear and washing. In general, thicker and stronger yarns, tightly constructed fabrics, and structures with less surface fuzz tend to offer better abrasion resistance.

On the other hand, being abrasion resistant does not necessarily mean that softness, light weight, and drape can all be achieved at the same time. High density or resin finishing may make the hand feel stiffer. Brushed, pile, and delicate-surface textiles need separate confirmation from the perspective of preserving the intended appearance.

Main Applications

For pants knees and seat areas, jacket elbows, uniforms and workwear, sports and outdoor apparel, bags, and similar items that are subject to frequent rubbing, abrasion resistance is an important selection criterion. Linings and pocket bags are also checked with friction from putting on and taking off garments or from contents in mind.

Although it is a quality characteristic for all seasons, it is especially considered for fall and winter items worn in layers, outerwear, and products worn every day. However, the abrasion area, expected number of wearings, and required lightness or surface feel should be organized, and the necessary level should be set for each item.

Selection and Handling Notes

When selecting a textile, in addition to the test conditions and results for abrasion, confirm the actual areas of rubbing and the opposing material. Seams, pocket openings, and areas where belts or hardware come into contact are prone to localized damage, so specifications such as reinforcement, piping, and use of separate fabric should also be considered.

Shrinkage and appearance changes due to washing should also be checked separately from abrasion resistance. If the textile shrinks after washing, the hand feel and surface condition may change. During sewing, adjust the needle, thread, and feed settings through trial sewing to avoid needle damage, seam slippage, and surface damage caused by excessive pressure.

• Follow the care label and avoid harsh rubbing, long drying times, and contact with rough surfaces.
• Some materials become more easily damaged on the surface when wet, so after washing, do not leave them as they are; quickly reshape and dry them.
• After processing such as product washing, brushing, or coating, confirm abrasion resistance separately from the pre-processed state.

Differences from Similar Terms

Pilling is the phenomenon in which fuzz generated by friction becomes entangled and turns into pills. Abrasion resistance refers to resistance to surface damage, including wear and holes, and although the two are related, they are not synonymous. Even if a textile is less likely to pill, it does not necessarily mean it will be less likely to thin or tear due to abrasion.

Friction fastness is resistance to staining or color transfer when dye is rubbed off onto another textile. Tensile strength indicates resistance to pulling force, and tear strength indicates resistance to force that causes a tear to spread from a cut. Abrasion resistance differs in both the applied force and the type of damage evaluated.

Frequently Asked Questions